Table 8

Summary of the Impact of Welfare-to-Work Programs
in San Diego, Baltimore, Arkansas, Virginia, and West Virginia

 
Outcome
 
Experimentals
 
Controls
 
Difference
Decrease/
Increase

San Diego-Applicants
Ever employed during 15 months 61.0% 55.4% 5.6%*** +10%
Average total earnings during 15
months
$3802 $3102 $700*** +23%
Ever received AFDC payments
during 18 months
83.9% 84.3% -0.4% 0%
Average number of months
receiving AFDC payment
during 18 months
8.13 8.61 -0.48* -6%
Average total AFDC payments
received during 18 months
$3409 $3697 -$288** -8%
Baltimore-Applicants and
Recipients
Ever employed during 12 months 51.2% 44.2% 7.0%*** +16%
Average total earnings during 12
months
$1935 $1759 $176 +10%
Ever received AFDC payments
during 15 months
94.9% 95.1% -0.2% 0%
Average number of months
receiving AFDC payment
during 15 months
11.4 11.29 -0.15 -1%
Average total AFDC payments
received during 15 months
$3058 $3064 -$6 0%
Arkansas-Applicants and
Recipients
Ever employed during 6 months 18.8% 14.0% 4.8%** +34%
Average total earnings during 6
months
$291 $213 $78* +37%
Ever received AFDC payments
during 9 months
72.8% 75.9% -3.1% -4%
Average number of months
receiving AFDC payments during
9 months
4.96 5.49 -0.53*** -10%
Average total AFDC payments
received during 9 months
$772 $865 -$93*** -11%
Virginia-Applicants and
Recipients
Ever employed during 9 months 43.8% 40.5% 3.3%* +8%
Average total earnings during 9
months
$1119 $1038 $81 +8%
Ever received AFDC payments
during 12 months
86.0% 86.1% -0.1% 0%
Average number of months
receiving AFDC payments during
12 months
7.75 7.90 -0.14 -2%
Average total AFDC payments
received during 12 months
$1923 $2007 -$84** -4%
West Virginia-Applicants and
Recipients
Ever employed during 15 months 22.3% 22.7% -0.4% -2%
Average total earnings during 15
months
$713 $712 $0 0%
Ever received AFDC payments
during 21 months
96.8% 96.0% 0.8% +1%
Average number of months
receiving AFDC payments during
21 months
14.26 14.46 -0.21 -1%
Average total AFDC payments
received during 21 months
$2681 $2721 -$40 -1%

Statistical significance: *** = 10 percent; ** = 5 percent; * = 1 percent.
Source: Gueron (1987), Table 2.